![]() MolybdenumĪbout 0.3% Molybdenum reduces temper-brittleness in hard alloy carbon steels such as chromium and/or nickel making them much more resilient to impact. See special carbon steels for the attributes of manganese, phosphorus and sulphur. Whilst the above Tables contain only chemical composition, you can use this information to obtain the properties of all of the above steel grades as follows:ġ) extract the carbon content of your steel grade from the appropriate Table aboveĢ) select the physical properties for the plain carbon steel with similar carbon contentģ) modify hardness and strength according to the alloying elements presentĤ) apply the effects of heat treatment (hardening & tempering, annealing or normalising)ĥ) use CalQlata's carbon steel calculator to predict its mechanical properties Note: Item 4 is necessary because it is unlikely that any of these alloy steels will be employed without heat treatment of some kind Alloying Elements The AISI 4130 is stronger because of the chromium, but it is made considerably tougher (less susceptible to brittle fracture) due to the molybdenum. Physical properties for AISI 4130 in normalised condition are shown above ![]() Therefore, whilst carbon is still the dominant alloying element in these steels with regard to their mechanical properties, and chromium, vanadium, nickel and tungsten all increase the hardness and strength of carbon steels prior to heat treatment, the principal benefits of these alloying elements is that alloy steels will retain these properties at much higher temperatures than plain or special carbon steels and that they will (mostly) exist right through the material thickness.įor example: AISI 4130 grade steel, with 0.28% to 0.33% carbon, equates to the plain carbon steel AISI 1030, the respective mechanical properties of which are as follows: AISI N o The term 'Alloy Carbon Steel' refers to carbon steels 'alloyed' with elements that can be used to significantly improve their physical properties by:Ī) increasing mechanical strength and hardness prior to heat treatmentī) responding better to heat treatment and/or work hardening processesĬ) retaining their mechanical properties at much higher temperatures than it otherwise would See Physical Properties below to obtain physical properties for each of steel gradeĪll the alloy steels on this page contain the following: Moreover, these steels have the same alloying elements as the equivalent plain carbon steel with the same last two digits, but perhaps in different quantities, along with additional alloying elements to facilitate work hardening and heat treatment. ![]() ![]() They comprise the same alloying elements as special carbon steel along with additional alloying elements⁽¹⁾ CalQlata's term 'alloy carbon' steels refers to what is generally known as 'high-alloy' steels
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